HS
Huasheng Precision
Dongguan · Est. 2009
Resources / Tool

Tolerance capability —
side by side.

Twelve processes, one table. Achievable tolerance, minimum feature size, surface roughness, maximum envelope, and typical lead time — the numbers we actually hold on our shop floor.

How to read this chart

Every row is a process we run ourselves, either on our Dongguan floor or through a vetted sister facility for the two die-casting lines. The numbers are production tolerances — what we guarantee on a shipped part, verified on CMM or coordinate measuring microscope — not theoretical machine resolution.

Standard tolerance is what you get if you write no callout on the drawing and specify ISO 2768-m in the title block. Tight tolerance is the best we hold on a single critical feature when you call it out explicitly. Asking for tight tolerance on every feature of a part is almost never economical — tolerance cost scales roughly with the square of the tolerance band narrowing.

Process tolerance capability — full table

ProcessStandard TolTight TolMin featureRaMax sizeLead
3-axis CNC milling
Best cost for boxy geometry. Undercuts require EDM or 5-axis.
ISO 2768-m (±0.1 mm)±0.01 mm0.4 mm wall, 0.2 mm feature0.4 – 3.2 μm2250 × 1850 × 800 mm3 – 5 days
5-axis CNC milling
Complex contours, aerospace, automotive. Priced ~1.4× 3-axis.
ISO 2768-f (±0.05 mm)±0.005 mm0.3 mm wall, 0.1 mm feature0.2 – 1.6 μm1000 × 800 × 600 mm5 – 7 days
CNC turning
Cheapest for round parts. C-axis tapping / milling available.
IT8 (±0.03 mm on Ø50)±0.005 mm on ØØ1 mm bar0.4 – 1.6 μmØ500 × L2500 mm3 – 4 days
Swiss turning
Micro shafts, medical pins, connectors. Per-part cost lowest in volume.
±0.02 mm±0.002 mm on ØØ0.3 mm0.2 – 0.8 μmØ32 × L200 mm5 – 7 days
Sheet metal — laser + press brake
Stamping, laser cutting, bending, welding — up to 20 mm steel.
±0.1 mm flat, ±0.5° bend±0.05 mm flat, ±0.25° bendHole Ø ≥ material t, bend radius ≥ 1× tMaterial finish + deburr3000 × 1500 mm flat5 – 7 days
Sheet metal — stamping (HSS)
DP780 / DP1180 automotive high-strength steel — our specialty.
±0.15 mm±0.05 mmHole Ø ≥ 0.8× tMaterial + finishBed 2500 × 1500 mm2 – 4 weeks (tooling)
Vacuum casting (PU resin)
Silicone mold from CNC master. Shore 30A – 80D resins, color-matched.
±0.15 % of dimension±0.1 mm on critical0.8 mm wall, 0.5 mm detailMirror-of-master (VDI texture possible)V2550 chamber, 600 × 600 × 500 mm7 – 10 days for 15 – 25 pcs
Rapid prototyping — SLA / DLP
Appearance models, investment-casting patterns. UV-sensitive.
±0.2 mm or ±0.2 %±0.1 mm small parts0.5 mm wall, 0.4 mm detailSmooth (post-cure polish)800 × 800 × 550 mm1 – 3 days
Rapid prototyping — SLS (nylon)
Functional prototypes, living hinges, interlocking assemblies.
±0.3 mm or ±0.3 %±0.15 mm0.8 mm wallMatte textured750 × 550 × 550 mm2 – 4 days
Rapid prototyping — MJF / SLM metal
AlSi10Mg, 316L, Ti6Al4V. Usually hybrid with CNC for tight features.
±0.2 mm or ±0.2 %±0.05 mm post-machined0.5 mm wall6 – 12 μm as printed400 × 400 × 400 mm7 – 10 days
Investment casting (steel / brass)
Structural steel parts, 304/316/17-4PH. Minimum ~30 pcs.
CT6 (±0.5 mm on 100 mm)±0.1 mm machined features2 mm wall, 3° draft3.2 – 6.3 μm cast, finer when machined500 × 500 × 300 mm3 – 5 weeks (tooling)
Die casting (aluminum, zinc)
Volume only — MOQ typically 2,000+. Refer to our low-volume page for <500.
NADCA Tol-T5 (±0.1 mm per 25 mm)±0.05 mm machined1.0 mm wall, 1° draft0.8 – 3.2 μm as cast900 × 500 mm shot6 – 10 weeks (tooling)

Decision framework — which process holds your tolerance cheapest

If only one or two dimensions are tight and the rest can float at ISO 2768-m, you're almost always better off with 3-axis CNC, even for a 200-piece run. Paying the CNC cycle time is cheaper than building the tooling for a process that only becomes economical at higher volume.

If many dimensions are tight and the shape is turning-friendly (rotationally symmetric), CNC turning halves the machine time versus milling and usually wins on cost. If the tight features are on the outside diameter and the geometry is small, Swiss turning can hold ±0.002 mm on Ø at rates milling can't touch.

For runs above 500 pieces with no tight callouts, sheet metal (if flat-pattern designable) or investment casting become cheaper per piece — but tooling lead time pushes your first-article date out 3–5 weeks. A common pattern with our customers: we machine the first 20–50 pieces as a bridge run while the investment-casting tool is being made, so production never stalls.

What the chart doesn't show

Material matters as much as process. The tolerances above apply to well-behaved materials — aluminum 6061, stainless 304, POM, PEEK. Tool steels and titanium machine stiffer and hold tighter; they also cost more in cycle time. Glass-filled plastics vary with fiber orientation and will not hold Ra 0.4 μm without a non-standard polish. If your material is unusual, send us the drawing before committing to a tolerance callout.

Part size drives tolerance non-linearly. A ±0.01 mm tolerance on a 20 mm feature is easy; on a 2,000 mm feature, thermal expansion of the part itself during a 4-hour cycle means the fixture and ambient temperature start to matter. We quote long parts with reduced tolerance on length and tight tolerance only on the critical faces.

Concentricity and parallelism aren't on the chart. They're GD&T callouts and they stack on top of individual-feature tolerance. We hold concentricity of ±0.01 mm on turned features to Ø callouts, and parallelism of ±0.02 mm on machined faces. Ask if you need specific GD&T numbers.

Our verification — what you get shipped with the part

  • FAI (First Article Inspection) report on every order, measuring every dimension on the drawing against its tolerance callout.
  • CMM report on any dimension marked critical or flagged on the drawing, measured on Keyence or Mitutoyo CMM at 20 ± 2 °C in our metrology lab.
  • Material certificate (EN 10204 3.1) for any steel or aluminum part on request.
  • Surface finish sample on visible parts, so you can verify the Ra matches the drawing before production release.

Every shipment includes the inspection report and material cert as a signed PDF in the packing list. If your receiving QC needs a specific format — PPAP, IMDS, IATF dimensional layout, CPK on specific features — tell us at quote time and we'll align.

Request a tolerance-specific quote →

/ FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Q01What tolerance should I put on my drawing if I don't need anything special?+
Write 'ISO 2768-m' in your drawing's title block and leave individual dimensions without tolerance callouts. That gives ±0.1 mm on typical sizes, which every process above except die casting holds without special effort. Only call out tighter tolerance on dimensions that matter — fits, mating surfaces, seal interfaces. Blanket tight tolerances can double the price.
Q02Can you hold ±0.005 mm on every dimension of a part?+
Physically yes on our 5-axis Jingdiao cells, but it's almost never economical. We'll ask what you actually need. ±0.005 mm on one critical diameter is routine; ±0.005 mm on every feature of a 200 mm part means CMM-aided finishing passes and stress-relieving steps that triple cycle time. Tell us which dimensions drive the assembly — we'll hold those tight and let the rest follow ISO 2768-f.
Q03How do tolerances on sheet metal parts work?+
Flat dimensions hold ±0.1 mm typical, ±0.05 mm with tight control (e.g. pre-laser trimmed blanks on DP1180). Bend angle holds ±0.5° standard, ±0.25° with an angle-stabilising back gauge. Hole-to-bend edge distance is the real gotcha — stay ≥ 2.5× material thickness from a bend edge, or laser-cut after bending. We flag these during DFM review.
Q04What's achievable on a vacuum-cast (PU) part?+
±0.15 % of the dimension, so a 200 mm length holds roughly ±0.3 mm. For a 20 mm feature you're looking at ±0.03 mm, which sounds great but the master's CNC tolerance dominates — we machine the master to ±0.05 mm to keep the casting within spec. Repeatability across 15–25 pulls from a silicone mold is typically ±0.1 mm on critical callouts.
Q05Which process for a 50-piece run of small steel brackets?+
Three reasonable options: (1) laser + press-brake sheet metal, fastest if you can design a flat pattern with simple bends; (2) CNC milling from plate, cleanest tolerances but highest per-piece cost; (3) investment casting, cheapest at ~100 pcs+ but requires tool and 4-week lead. Below 100 pcs we almost always recommend CNC or sheet metal. Send us the drawing and we'll quote all three.
Q06How do surface roughness (Ra) numbers translate to what I'll actually see?+
Ra 3.2 μm is 'visibly machined' — you'll see tool marks and parallel lines. Ra 1.6 μm is typical for a nice machined surface — smooth under a fingernail but not shiny. Ra 0.8 μm is the threshold for chrome plating or anodize to look clean. Ra 0.4 μm is polished — mirror-adjacent with the right material. Call out only the surfaces that need it; calling Ra 0.8 μm on every face is expensive for no user-visible benefit.
Q07Do your tolerance numbers include thermal effects?+
Our shop is temperature-controlled to 20 ± 2 °C for CMM inspection. Tolerance numbers in the chart are measured at 20 °C per ISO 1. If your parts see service temperature outside that range and the tolerance is critical, the CTE of the material matters — aluminum 6061 expands ~23 μm per meter per °C, so a 300 mm part changes 14 μm between a 20 °C factory and a 40 °C desert install. We'll flag this during DFM on parts where it matters.
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Upload your STEP file and tell us the critical tolerance — we'll match the cheapest process that holds it and include a CMM plan.